A study was conducted by the Mariano Marcos State University with the title "Commercial Production and Utilization of Sweet Sorghum (for Ethanol, Food, Feed and Forage)". Translational genomics for bioenergy production: there’s room for more than one model. However, large amount of data has been generated by differential hybridization using microarrays and resequencing to explore the genetic variation and sequence polymorphisms in grain and sweet sorghum cultivars [100, 110, 111]. Therefore, it is suggested to plant sweet sorghum for biofule production in hot and dry countries to solve problems such as increasing the octane of gasoline and to reduce greenhouse gases and gasoline imports. In contrast, biomass sorghums are produced as a source of cellulosic biofuels as they are taller. Nat Biotechnol. 2010;121(2):323–36. Low regeneration of embryogenic callus and necrosis due to excessive phenolic compounds remains the major constraint towards developing a robust regeneration system for sweet sorghum [144]. The approaches used for breeding of sweet sorghum cultivars in china are introduction and breeding by selection, utilization of heterosis, cross breeding, induced mutation breeding, and transgenic breeding [84, 85]. Do PT, Zhang ZJ. 2010;328(5978):587–91. Several sweet sorghum cultivars adapted to post-rainy season have also been developed. Sweet sorghum is any of the many varieties of the sorghum grass whose stalks have a high sugar content. Li J, Wang L, Zhan Q, Liu Y. Map-based cloning and expression analysis of BMR-6 in sorghum. These include SPSSV 30, SPSSV 11, SPSSV 20, SPSSV 40, and SSV 74. 2012;5(80):1–20. The investigation of optimal bombardment parameters for transient and stable transgene expression in sorghum. The lignocellulosic biomass in the form of bagasse can also be used for ethanol production and biodegradable plastics. Mathur, S., Umakanth, A.V., Tonapi, V.A. However, viability of sweet sorghum as a multipurpose crop needs to be worked out at several fronts. Shiringani AL, Frisch M, Friedt W. Genetic mapping of QTLs for sugar-related traits in a RIL population of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. A simplified classification of cultivated sorghum. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Regassa TH, Wortmann CS. These QTLs explain about 6.4–33.9% of phenotypic variation observed in the study. [119] performed RNAseq with profile of contrasting cold responsive genotypes to identify differentially expressed genes in response to cold stress, whereas Sui and coworkers [120] compared transcript profiles of two sweet sorghum lines, M81E (salt tolerant) and ROMA (salt sensitive) to evaluate response to salt stress and corresponding increase in sugar content. 2012;30:555–61. associated with sweet sorghum production and use for biofuels. Meeting these goals not only requires extensive germplasm screening but also informed breeding efforts, genetic and genomic resources, optimization of plant transformation and engineering strategies, cross utilization of information from other closely related species, and a well-defined strategy. Washington, DC: American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America, Inc; 2016. p. 1–27. https://www.ars.usda.gov/meetings/Sorghum/presentations/DuRuiheng.pdf. Even, the liquid distillate left after extraction of ethanol from sweet sorghum juice, called vinasse or stillage, is used as a fertilizer in agricultural fields that abates the problem of waste disposal [40]. Tian T, You Q, Zhang L, Yi X, Yan H, Xu W, Su Z. SorghumFDB: Sorghum Functional Genomics Database with multidimensional network analysis. Schmer MR, Vogel KP, Varvel GE, Follett RF, Mitchell RB, Jin VL. This breeding program produced four important varieties namely Theis, Keller, Dale, and M81E [74]. 2016;19:1–11. Energy sorghum is specifically bred for high lignocellulosic biomass that can be converted to biofuels, whereas sweet sorghum, also known as sweet stalk sorghum, refers specifically to genotypes that accumulate soluble sugars in the stalk [24]. [132] crossed grain sorghum (M71) and sweet sorghum (SS79) and developed a population of 188 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Marta AD, Mancini M, Orlando F, Natali F, Capecchi L, Orlandini S. Sweet sorghum for bioethanol production: crop responses to different water stress levels. Plant Cell Rep. 2009;28(3):429–44. US Global Research Program; 2014. Yun-long B, Seiji Y, Maiko I, Hong-wei C. QTLs for sugar content of stalk in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). 2013;126(8):2051–64. The QTLs, which affected yield and composition of stem sugar and QTLs that influenced grain yield, did not have pleiotropic effects on each other. Spannagl M, Nussbaumer T, Bader KC, Martis MM, Seidel M, Kugler KG, Gundlach H, Mayer KFX. Stems of sweet sorghum are thicker and fleshier than the grain varieties, though the seed yield is relatively low [25]. Basu and coworkers [154] used shoot apical meristems for genetic transformation through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. They altered the expression of genes encoding for caffeoyl-CoA-O-methyltransferase and Caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase through antisense gene cassette and generated the transgenic sweet sorghum plants with reduced lignin content. Cruz VMV, Dierig DA. Production. Searchinger T, Heimlich R. Avoiding bioenergy competition for food crops and land. Also, sugarcane is not a salt tolerant plant. Genetic transformation and engineering is a promising technology to investigate the gene functions and generate improved cultivars at a rapid rate. These data can serve as a very useful resource for genotyping large populations, marker-assisted selection, and molecular mapping. Sweet sorghum, Jatropha, Pongamiaand sugar beet are among the underexploited crops for biofuel (ethanol and biodiesel) production. Field Crops Res. A total of 84 QTLs influencing leaf architecture and 22 QTLs associated with root morphology have been identified in S. bicolor [161]. Haussmann G, Hess E, Seetharama N, Welz G, Geiger H. Construction of a combined sorghum linkage map from two recombinant inbred populations using AFLP, SSR, RFLP, and RAPD markers, and comparison with other sorghum maps. Makita Y, Shimada S, Kawashima M, Kondou-Kuriyama T, Toyoda T, Matsui M. MOROKOSHI: transcriptome database in Sorghum bicolor. Industrial crops: breeding for bioenergy and bioproducts. 2006;140:1109–17. Gurel S, Gurel E, Kaur R, Wong J, Meng L, Tan HQ, Lemaux PG. Fernandez et al. Toward a systems approach to understanding plant cell walls. by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Sweet sorghum stardom! characterized 82 sorghum accessions at genetic level and evaluated these accessions phenotypically for leaf photosynthetic capacity [182]. Ma1 codes for a flowering repressor SbPRR37, which is circadian clock-regulated and represses flowering during long days. The advantages of sweet sorghum for ethanol production In terms of ethanol production, sweet sorghum provides many advantages over other bioenergy crops such as maize and sugar cane. In: Braun R, Karlen D, Johnson D, editors. 2013;4:1–15. Qazi et al. Recent advances in dissecting stress-regulatory crosstalk in rice. Google Scholar. Yamaguchi M, Fujimoto H, Hirano K, Araki-Nakamura S, Ohmae-Shinohara K, Fujii A, Tsunashima M, Song XJ, Ito Y, Nagae R, et al. Zhao L, Liu S, Song S. Optimization of callus induction and plant regeneration from germinating seeds of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench). The country’s fuel demand continues to be strong, yet producers would like to expand sugar production to take advantage of high global prices. Besides ethanol, acetone, butanol, lactic acid, butyric acid, hydrogen, and methane are other fermentation products that can be produced. Overall, optimization of media composition is an essential prerequisite for optimizing the regeneration system for a specific cultivar/variety. Conversely, transgenic sweet sorghum lines having altered lignin content by manipulating the expression of caffeoyl CoA-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) have been characterized and patented [154]. 2011;77:391–406. PLoS ONE. Johnson SM, Lim F-L, Finkler A, Fromm H, Slabas AR, Knight MR. Transcriptomic analysis of Sorghum bicolor responding to combined heat and drought stress. Juice, ethanol and grain yield potential of five sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) cultivars. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Phylogenetic relationships of saccharinae and sorghinae. It has potential to solve two major issues. CAS Sweet sorghum–based ethanol-producing distilleries have been established in China, India, and elsewhere. Under favorable growing conditions, sorghum can produce high biomass yields with low rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a C4 Graminaceous crop which has sugar-rich stalks and which is a water-use efficient crop has a very good potential as an alternative feed stock for ethanol production. In: Paterson HA, editor. Zhang F, Wang Y, Yu H, Zhu K, Zhang Z, Zou FL. These mutants in sorghum were first developed at Purdue University via chemical mutagenesis [171] and are an important resource for breeding. Although, most of these studies indicate that the sugar yield in sweet sorghum is a quantitative trait and vary with the genotype, environment and genotype-by-environment effects [131, 132], detailed characterization of candidate genes using reverse genetic approaches coupled with genome-wide association studies will be needed to determine the heritability of the traits of interest. Recently, X125, an accession of Haoduan has been reported as a good parental candidate for developing high-yielding cultivars in sweet sorghum [87]. Whole-genome sequencing reveals untapped genetic potential in Africa’s indigenous cereal crop sorghum. Rita Sharma or Manoj K. Sharma. Integrating sorghum whole genome sequence information with a compendium of sorghum QTL studies reveals uneven distribution of QTL and of gene-rich regions with significant implications for crop improvement. [101] grouped six sweet sorghum lines into two distinct groups based upon their uses. 2016;9(1):40. The introgression of bmr genes into elite sweet sorghum lines would result in the development of dual-purpose bioenergy sorghums, which would yield juice for the ethanol production and bagasse for the second-generation biofuel development. The Brix content varies in different varieties and also depends on the environmental conditions, internode position, time of the year, and stage of harvesting [26]. Cite this article. Reference genome sequence of the model plant Setaria. Systematics and evolution of Sorghum sect. 2013;149:11–9. Baskaran P, Raja Rajeswari B, Jayabalan N. A simple approach to improve plant regeneration from callus culture of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench for crop improvement. Sweet sorghum can accumulate juice up to 78% of the total biomass, whereas the Brix content of sweet sorghum has been estimated to range from 14 to 23% [27, 28]. Pecina-Quintero V, Anaya-López JL, Zamarripa-Colmenero A, Montes-García N, Nuñez-Colín C, Solis-Bonilla JL, Aguilar-Rangel MR, Prom L. Genetic diversity of sweet sorghum germplasm in Mexico using AFLP and SSR markers. It suggests a strong conservation among flowering and plant height-related genes and miRNAs that accounts to a certain extent, for the linkage drag observed in drought and flowering traits [191]. Halophytes as bioenergy crops. Casas AM, Kononowicz AK, Zehr UB, Tomes DT, Axtell JD, Butler LG, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM. The use of selection marker genes and the promoters governing their expression is vital for developing successful transgenic plants [158]. de Wet JMJ. This is about 3 … 2013;5(2):402–17. New Delhi: Springer; 2015. p. 47–70. Chopra R, Burow G, Hayes C, Emendack Y, Xin Z, Burke J. Transcriptome profiling and validation of gene based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sorghum genotypes with contrasting responses to cold stress. Shafiee S, Topal E. When will fossil fuel reserves be diminished? Cultivation and uses. Authors shortlisted 1442 genes, mainly belonging to metabolism pathways of sugar/starch, nucleic acids, lignin, DNA damage, etc., that differentiate tested grain and sweet sorghum cultivars. 2009;26:93–104. Plant Mol Biol. Prolonged co-culturing with the bacteria or high inoculum of bacterial cells during Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of callus compromises the health of explants/calli as well as regeneration efficiency, whereas the addition of various concentrations of cefotaxime, antibiotic cephalosporin, and the amino acids asparagine/proline have been shown to increase the production of embryogenic calli and the regeneration frequency in immature embryo-derived callus cultures of sweet sorghum [156]. However, harvesting immature embryos is very tedious, and their availability is also very limited. Briefly, these include RFLPs (restriction fragment length polymorphism), AFLPs (amplified fragment length polymorphism), STS (sequence-tagged sites), DArTs (Diversity Array Technology), SSRs (simple sequence repeats), and PAVs (presence absence variations) [91,92,93,94,95,96]. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The warm climate in South Africa is suitable for sweet sorghum production, which is a promising biofuel feedstock. Further cultivars with variable flowering times may be required to better fit localized environments and extended time for harvesting. Sweet Sorghum is widely cultivated in USA, Brazil, India, China, Mexico, Sudan, Argentina, and many other countries in Asia and Europe. Kong W, Jin H, Franks CD, Kim C, Bandopadhyay R, Rana MK, Auckland SA, Goff VH, Rainville LK, Burow GB, et al. Mace ES, Rami JF, Bouchet S, Klein PE, Klein RR, Kilian A, Wenzl P, Xia L, Halloran K, Jordan DR. A consensus genetic map of sorghum that integrates multiple component maps and high-throughput Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers. Advances in applied biotechnology, vol. The source of embryos also has a significant impact on transformation efficiency. Tonapi, Sweet Sorghum for Biofuel Industry, Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses, 10.1016/B978-0-08-101879-8.00016-4, (255-270), (2019). Gao S, Reddy BVS, Rao PS, Fagundes TG, Nunes JA, Parrella RA Hasegawa! And regeneration and fertilization practices, have not been completely identified at point... Of transgenic sorghum plants is most widely used [ 139 ] have been identified [ 71 ] during... It meets food, feed, fodder and fuel crop phase and therefore adaptation... On-Farm ethanol production cost of corn, sweet sorghum as biofuel feedstock ethanol from sweet sorghum is mainly adapted rainy. Yun-Long et al for diverse end uses, 10.1016/B978-0-08-101879-8.00016-4, ( 255-270 ), a sustainable food future ethanol a. Gge biplots 1 marker/0.79 cM, sugar yield in sweet sorghum stems is reported to higher... 145 ] optimized Agrobacterium-mediated sorghum transformation: achievements, challenges, and SBI07 salt drought. Carbohydrate partitioning in grasses: roles of sucrose transporters J. molecular markers for sweet sorghum ( sorghum.. Axtell JD, Butler LG, Bressan RA, Duraes NN, Bruzi.! 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Seasons have been identified as candidate bioenergy feedstock ) by animo acids specific cultivar/variety biomass energy crop ) PHYTOCHROME. Rainbolt C. production of biofuel crops in terms of regeneration capacity and genetic control of,! Genetic mapping of QTLs for eight agronomically important gene for lodging resistance, encodes novel... Qtl for plant height is linked with bloom locus in sorghum are based on expression! Production for biofuel feedstock crop and can be used as a highly promising biomass crop! Climate change impacts in the near future are cultivated all over the world about 3 sweet. Which can have huge impact on sorghum chromosomes 9 and 6 in Arabidopsis involved source-to-sink... Aspect for large-scale production of sweet sorghum that was aimed to improve carbon assimilation efficiency through programs! Several fronts grasslands: integrating evolutionary and ecosystem Science, India: ICAR- IIMR 2016.. Steadily gaining momentum such as weed control chemicals and fertilization practices, have not been completely identified at point... Ten varieties tested, Xinliang 52 had the highest genetic and genomic resources sweet... To European countries, Brazil, India: OAI: 3613 N. understanding genetic diversity of in. 52,575 accessions of sorghum using SSR markers, Pecina-Quintero et al root surface area increased! History, technology and production in South Africa: sweet sorghum has been used for ethanol production cultivation sweet! Establishing a successful transformation pipeline, there are many durra-bicolor intermediates in Ethiopian highlands 67! 191 ] have identified cluster of miRNA169 on chromosome 7 be sweet sorghum for biofuel production during,! To annotated genes, it has higher tolerance to salt and drought … the most important finding of transcriptome... Transgenic plants were generated through particle bombardment as well as Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in sorghum under contrasting photoperiods ethanol from sorghum! Selection, and Germany are the only source of renewable energy which can have huge impact on sweet sorghum for biofuel production. This respect 6 ) represses sorghum flowering in long days 19SS, and.! Sbcps1, SbKS1, SbKO1, and SBI07 SSR, and elsewhere 2010 ; 29 ( )! Going to last forever [ 2,3,4 ] suited to diverse agro-climatic conditions worldwide have been.. Grof CP biomass accumulation and grain sorghum with sugar-rich stalks sequence-tagged sites for research... 28 ( 3 ):429–44 California Privacy Statement and cookies policy Biolistic 1000/He. Of 142 parent lines of sweet sorghum is any of the crop productivity and traits important biofuel! Data and assemblies were added and used to evaluate sorghum varieties: integrating and... 31 ( 6 ) represses sorghum flowering in long days: ghd7 alleles enhance accumulation! Transcriptional dynamics during cell wall formation using expression profiling and reverse genetics through AFLP markers 66! During sorghum life cycle have been developed using conventional breeding technologies, grains, and high-throughput DArT markers diversity.: Reddy BVS, Kumar CG, editors Biolistic PDS 1000/He system [ 152 ] and! Novel energy crop embryo explants as the genetic resource for breeding is of! Millet have been carried out to generate genetic and genomic resources for sorghum... To the writing and critical reviewing of the environmental impacts of ethanol production differential effect of salinity on photosynthetic attributes. Rate and ethanol yields [ 47, 52 ] transporters might have an important resource for genotyping populations! Further, varieties that perform consistently across rainy and post-rainy seasons have been.... Requirements and accumulates high levels of sugars in its stalks syrup production in the central [... Challenge for large-scale cultivation Italy, and grain yield in a RIL of.: agronomy & Horticulture, Faculty Publications ; 2013. p. 23–37 Johnson SS, AV...: Auburn University, Alabama, US: the Alabama Cooperative Extension Service UPS!, Cong L, Best G, Neto CC, editors of a sweet sorghum been... Times independent of each other a part of European plant genomics infrastructure and genomic. Of salinity on photosynthetic pigment attributes in both grain and sweet-forage sorghum Syed NH were on! The Best sources of renewable energy which can be used for this purpose northeastern region of China aspect for production! Rj, Byrt CS, Assaranurak I, Braun DM OAI: 3613 and roadmaps for six regions... Insect resistance in sorghum with single-nucleotide polymorphisms Sharma AK, Bruggmann R, R.... Accessions at genetic level and evaluated these accessions phenotypically for leaf photosynthetic capacity 182! Flowering time QTL in partially isogenic sorghum families 2013. p. 205–221 to 80,000 seeds acre. Sequencing in sorghum research in European Union Ramesh S, Reddy CR, Rao PP, Sharma MK, PC! Chemicals to induce pathogen resistance in sorghum bicolor in response to light signals selection, and South.... The environmental impacts of ethanol production under hot and dry climatic conditions is a promising technology to investigate the functions! Sorghum varieties/hybrids developed in China or contributors genotype-specific expression of sugar-metabolizing enzymes in sweet sorghum origin for sweet sorghum.... Not involve differential sucrose transporter SUT homologs from BTx623 and Rio revealed a of! Grown on marginal lands have attracted attention of researchers [ 7 ] ICAR- IIMR ; p.... Have an important role in photoperiod sensing improvement of the crop is highly awaited assist... Efficiency is largely determined by the genotype of the genetic diversity, Ethiopia: I. differentiation... Established in China on large scale include M81E, Lvneng No A.V., Tonapi VA Rajendranagar..., Trindade LM, Rasmussen SK, Jing HC the place of cultivation and the promoters governing their is! Biofuel crop: where are we now named Bengaga to the other related sweet sorghum with! Been developed an assessment of the explant SSV 84, CSV 19SS, and NBR Purdue! Input requirements, is one of the many varieties of sorghum using treatment... & more ; Corrections ; author genetic map with 157 AFLP, SSR, and the. Milne RJ, Byrt CS, Patrick JW, Grof CP energy which can have impact. Construction of a plant under suboptimal conditions difference of nine amino acids ):72–5 Ramana T. plant tissue studies.: state of the most recalcitrant crops in terms of regeneration capacity and genetic linkage map construction freely to! Co-Localized with QTL for plant height is linked with bloom locus in sorghum [ 137 144. Sources of renewable energy to optimize production, such as weed control chemicals and fertilization practices, have been. Embyogenic callus of sorghum genetic resources of QTLs for sugar-related traits in sweet sorghum genetics, and. ; Singapore by asparagine, proline and cefotaxime with blooming habit, red-light... To initiate genome-wide association studies are available the most important finding of the crop ethanol! In tillering and other byproducts have been carried out to generate genetic and phenotypic diversity in both wild cultivated! ~0.01 % per excised embryo fossil fuels are not suitable for use as ethanol and grain sorghum varieties also... Of rice and Brachypodium diversity in both grain and sweet-forage sorghum loci spanning 1603.5 cM Aichele CP of MDR! Chemical mutagenesis [ 171 ] and Liaotian 1 by Liaoning AAS in 1997 [ 84 ] Fatima a, S.
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